SECOND. And, among other things, said rules shall provide and declare, as nearly as the conditions of good administration will warrant, as follows: First, for open, competitive examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for the public service now classified or to be classified here- under. Such examinations shall be practical in their character, and so far as may be shall relate to those matters which will fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the persons examined to discharge the duties of the service into which they seek to be appointed. Second, that all the offices, places, and employments so arranged or to be arranged in classes shall be filled by selections according to grade from among those graded highest as the results of such competitive examinations. Third, appointments to the public service aforesaid in the departments at Washington shall be apportioned among the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia upon the basis of population as ascertained at the last preceding census. Every application for an examination shall contain, among other things, a statement, under oath, setting forth his or her actual bona fide residence at the time of making the application, as well as how long he or she has been a resident of such place. Fourth, that there shall be a period of probation before any absolute appointment or employment aforesaid. Fifth, that no person in the public service is for that reason under any obligations to contribute to any political fund, or to render any political service, and that he will not be removed or otherwise prejudiced for refusing to do so. Sixth, that no person in said service has any right to use his official authority or influence to coerce the political action of any person or body. Seventh, there shall be non-competitive examinations in all proper cases before the commission, when competent persons do not compete, after notice has been given of the existence of the vacancy, under such rules as may be prescribed by the commissioners as to the manner of giving notice. Eighth, that notice shall be given in writing by the appointing power to said commission of the persons selected for appointment or employment from among those who have been examined, of the place of residence of such persons, of the rejection of any such persons after probation, of transfers, resignations, and removals and of the date thereof, and a record of the same shall be kept. by said commission. And any necessary exceptions from said eight fundamental provisions of the rules shall be set forth in connection with such rules, and the reasons there-for shall be stated in the annual reports of the commission.
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Public Administration Notes For Civil Services Pdf Download
sir, i am preparing for civils now and i am going to appear the exam next year. i have decided to prepare my own notes through different sources i have, but how to start it? and how to prepare notes?should i frame my own questions ? or is it enough to prepare notes for previous questions ?pls suggest me sir.
Sir m doin btech write nw hw cn I prepare myself for appaering in the civil services exam from now only I might appear for it after 6 yrs n I am from general category how do I get started..from now only
J.SoujanyaDear sir,I am the student of cse engg college I want to prepare for IAS exam so I want to go for civil service plse tell me from where I have to start for reading I dont no anything about the IAS exam but I want to prepare for exam help me by giving notes because i am a married women they will not send me any coaching But i want to become an IAS by following your guidelines
Respected sir,Sir i have completed my graduation this year. I have done bsc. in geography from calcutta university. Plz suggest me how to prepare for civil services examination by taking geography as a optional subject and also suggest some preparation tips for general studies mains. Plz suggest me valuable books and readings.Regards,
sir,i am studied 3rd year civil engineering.if i will write upsc exam on my final year.that i confirmly to write the upsc exam on my final year which subject i can choose. that following civil engineering,history,geography,public administration.
Administrative decentralizationseeks to redistribute authority, responsibility and financialresources for providing public services among different levels of government. It is the transfer of responsibility for theplanning, financing and management of certain public functions from the central government and its agencies to field units of government agencies, subordinate units or levels of government, semi-autonomous public authorities or corporations, or area-wide, regional or functional authorities.
Delegation. Delegation is a more extensive form of decentralization. Through delegation central governments transfer responsibility for decision-making and administration of public functions to semi-autonomous organizations not wholly controlled by the central government, but ultimately accountable to it. Governments delegate responsibilities when they create public enterprises or corporations, housing authorities, transportation authorities, special service districts, semi-autonomous school districts, regional development corporations, or special project implementation units. Usually these organizations have a great deal of discretion in decision-making. They may be exempt from constraints on regular civil service personnel and may be able to charge users directly for services.
Devolution. A third type of administrative decentralization is devolution. When governments devolve functions, they transfer authority for decision-making, finance, and management to quasi-autonomous units of local government with corporate status. Devolution usually transfers responsibilities for services to municipalities that elect their own mayors and councils, raise their own revenues, and have independent authority to make investment decisions. In a devolved system, local governments have clear and legally recognized geographical boundaries over which they exercise authority and within which they perform public functions. It is this type of administrative decentralization that underlies most political decentralization.
Privatization. Privatization can range in scope from leaving the provision of goods and services entirely to the free operation of the market to "public-private partnerships" in which government and the private sector cooperate to provide services or infrastructure. Privatization can include: 1) allowing private enterprises to perform functions that had previously been monopolized by government; 2) contracting out the provision or management of public services or facilities to commercial enterprises indeed, there is a wide range of possible ways in which function can be organized and many examples of within public sector and public-private institutional forms, particularly in infrastructure; 3) financing public sector programs through the capital market (with adequate regulation or measures to prevent situations where the central government bears the risk for this borrowing) and allowing private organizations to participate; and 4) transferring responsibility for providing services from the public to the private sector through the divestiture of state-owned enterprises.
Deregulation. Deregulation reduces the legal constraints on private participation in service provision orallows competition among private suppliers for services thatin the past had been provided by the government or by regulated monopolies. In recent years privatization and deregulation have become more attractive alternatives to governments in developing countries. Local governments arealso privatizing by contracting out service provision oradministration.
Under appropriate conditions, all of these forms of decentralization can play important roles in broadening participation in political, economic and socialactivities in developing countries. Where it works effectively, decentralization helps alleviate the bottlenecks in decision making that are often caused by central government planning and control of important economic and social activities. Decentralization can help cut complex bureaucratic procedures and it can increase government officials' sensitivity to local conditions and needs. Moreover, decentralization can help national government ministries reach larger numbers of local areas with services; allow greater political representation for diverse political, ethnic, religious, and cultural groups in decision-making; and relieve top managers in central ministries of "routine" tasks to concentrate on policy. In somecountries, decentralization may create a geographical focus atthe local level for coordinating national, state, provincial,district, and local programs more effectively and can providebetter opportunities for participation by local residents indecision making. Decentralization may lead to more creative,innovative and responsive programs by allowing local"experimentation." It can also increase politicalstability and national unity by allowing citizens to bettercontrol public programs at the local level.
But decentralization is not apanacea, and it does have potential disadvantages.Decentralization may not always be efficient, especially forstandardized, routine, network-based services. It can result in the loss of economies of scale and control over scarce financial resources by the central government. Weak administrative or technical capacity at local levels may result in services being delivered less efficiently and effectively in some areas of the country. Administrative responsibilities may be transferred to local levels without adequate financial resources and make equitable distribution or provision of services more difficult. Decentralization can sometimes make coordination of national policies more complex and may allow functions to be captured by local elites. Also, distrust between public and private sectors may undermine cooperation at the local level. 2ff7e9595c
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